Bilingualism
It refers to the ability to speak two languages fluently or proficiently, and it's often associated with the proficiency in major international languages such as English, which is seen as a valuable skill for global communication and job opportunities, it is considered visible and socially accepted, leading to advantages in the global market and better job prospects.
The emphasis on Spanish-English bilingualism in the text reflects the prioritization of certain languages over others, particularly minority languages like Amerindian or Creole languages.
Biculturalism
Biculturalism refers to the ability to understand and navigate between two different cultures going beyond language proficiency and encompasses a deeper understanding and acceptance of diverse cultural backgrounds.
While bilingualism is often prioritized for its economic and social advantages, biculturalism may be undervalued or overlooked, especially when it involves minority cultures associated with underdevelopment or poverty. “In contrast, bilingualism in minority Amerindian or Creole languages has been generally undervalued and associated with an 'invisible' form of bilingualism related to underdevelopment, poverty, and backwardness." Mejía, A. (2006)
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